“I strongly believe in the movements run by women. If they are truly taken in by confidence, they may change the present picture of society, which is very miserable. In the past, they have played a significant role in improving the condition of weaker sections and classes.” – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
For many women in India, entering the workforce can be a path to independence and a brighter future. But for Dalit women, this path is often riddled with obstacles. Dalit women belonging to the formerly untouchable caste face a double struggle when it comes to finding work.
The first hurdle is socioeconomic. Many Dalit families have limited financial resources. It can make affording education and training, essential for securing good jobs, a distant dream. Even necessities can be a strain, leaving little room for career aspirations.
The second challenge is even more deeply rooted: caste discrimination. Caste, the rigid social hierarchy that has existed in India for centuries, places Dalits at the bottom. This ingrained prejudice often spills over into the workplace, where Dalit women may be denied opportunities or offered lower wages simply because of their caste.
Despite these challenges, Dalit women are demonstrating remarkable resilience and determination to overcome them. Government initiatives and social movements are also playing a crucial role in empowering them to bridge this gap and claim their rightful place in the workforce. Let’s explore these efforts and the inspiring stories of Dalit women who are carving their paths to success.
Opening doors: Government programs empowering Dalit women
Recognising the unique challenges faced by Dalit women, the Indian government has implemented several programs aimed at empowering them to participate in the workforce. These initiatives address both the lack of resources and the issue of discrimination.
Building skills, building confidence
One key approach is through skill development initiatives. These programs offer Dalit women training in various trades, such as tailoring, computer literacy, or even agricultural techniques. With these newly acquired skills, they become more competitive candidates in the job market. Imagine a woman who traditionally worked in low-paying agricultural labour. By learning tailoring through a government program, she can now become a self-employed tailor, setting her own hours and potentially earning a higher income.
Bridging the financial gap: Microfinance Schemes
Another critical factor is access to finance. Many Dalit women lack the capital to start their own businesses or even afford basic training. To address this, the government offers microfinance programs. These schemes provide small loans at low interest rates, allowing women to invest in tools, equipment, or training that can help them find better jobs or become entrepreneurs. Think of a woman who dreams of opening a small tea stall. A microfinance loan could help her purchase the necessary supplies and get her business off the ground.
Spotlight: The Dalit Women’s Livelihoods Accountability Initiative (DWLAI)
Let’s take a closer look at a specific program: the Dalit Women’s Livelihoods Accountability Initiative (DWLAI). This initiative focused on a powerful two-pronged approach. First, it aimed to empower Dalit women by educating them about their rights under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA). This act guarantees 100 days of paid work a year for rural households, with a guaranteed 33% reservation for women. By understanding their rights, Dalit women became more confident in claiming their fair share of employment opportunities.
Secondly, the DWLAI aimed to influence the policy itself. It facilitated communication between Dalit women and policymakers, ensuring that their priorities and challenges were heard. This two-pronged approach, empowering women and influencing policy, has had a significant impact. Thousands of Dalit women have benefited from MNREGA, finding secure employment and experiencing a boost in their economic and social standing.
Examples of success
Despite the challenges, Dalit women are breaking barriers and achieving success in various fields. Here are a few inspiring examples:
- Mayawati: A former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, she is the first Dalit woman to hold such a high office in India.
- Shailaja Menon: A renowned lawyer, she is known for her fight for social justice and the rights of Dalit women.
- Rekha Jhunjhunwala: A stock market investor, she co-founded Rare Enterprises with her husband and is considered one of the most powerful women in India.
- Meena Harris: A social justice advocate and lawyer, She is the younger sister of US Vice President Kamala Harris and is a vocal advocate for Dalit rights.
Challenges for Dalit Women in the private sector
Dalit women face a triple threat in the private sector: social bias, educational gaps, and workplace issues. Caste prejudice limits opportunities and promotions. Lower literacy rates and limited access to relevant skills make it tough to compete. Even in formal jobs, they’re more vulnerable to harassment. These factors keep Dalit women concentrated in low-paying, informal work. The informal sector employs 80% of Dalit women workers.
A 2018 RTI report by The Wire revealed that only 19% of member companies of major industry chambers (FICCI, CII, and ASSOCHAM) had adopted a voluntary code of conduct for affirmative action. This highlights the private sector’s reluctance to address caste-based discrimination in recruitment practices.
Empowering Dalit Women: Opportunities for future
Skill Development Programs: Equipping Dalit women with relevant skills can open doors to new job opportunities and higher wages. Initiatives like the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship’s (MSDE) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) offer skilling programs specifically targeted towards marginalised communities.
Entrepreneurship: Encouraging and supporting Dalit women entrepreneurs can create self-employment opportunities and economic independence. Organisations like the Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DICCI) provide training, resources, and networking opportunities for Dalit entrepreneurs, including women.
Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives: Promoting diversity and inclusion within companies can create a more welcoming and equitable work environment for Dalit women. Several multinational corporations in India, such as Infosys, Tata Group, and Mahindra & Mahindra, have implemented diversity and inclusion programs to address caste bias.
The final thoughts
The journey for Dalit women in the workforce is far from over. While significant strides have been made, remaining hurdles like caste discrimination, limited access to education, harassment, and skills development continue to create barriers. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach.
Government initiatives that promote affirmative action, invest in targeted skill development programs for Dalit women, and enforce anti-discrimination laws are crucial for creating a more equitable playing field. But change extends beyond legislation. Dismantling the caste system and fostering inclusive workplaces requires a shift in societal mindsets. Educational campaigns and community outreach programs can raise awareness about caste prejudice and promote acceptance.
Empowering Dalit women in the workforce isn’t just about achieving social justice; it’s about unlocking India’s full economic potential. When we equip the Dalit women with the skills and opportunities to thrive, they become not just contributors to their families but drivers of economic growth. Their diverse perspectives and experiences enrich the workplace and strengthen the nation as a whole.
It is not just an aspirational goal; it is an investment in a brighter future for all of India. By fostering continued government efforts, dismantling social barriers, and nurturing a culture of inclusion, we can create a workforce that reflects the true talent and potential of the entire nation.
Sources
- “Dalit Women’s Livelihoods Accountability Initiative” India
- Dalit Women in India
- Dalit Women in Corporate India are Being Left Behind
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are based on the writer’s insights, supported by data and resources available both online and offline, as applicable. Changeincontent.com is committed to promoting inclusivity across all forms of content, which we define broadly to include media, policies, law, and history—encompassing all elements that influence the lives of women and gender-queer individuals. Our goal is to promote understanding and advocate for comprehensive inclusivity.
